Three kinds of rate that should not be confused
The official rate is set by the central bank. It is a reference for accounting and statistics; you cannot buy currency at it.
The bank rate is what a bank actually exchanges at. It always comes as two numbers — buy and sell — and the gap between them is the bank's margin.
The P2P USDT rate is the price of a crypto dollar set by private sellers. It moves fastest and reacts first when demand shifts.
What the premium tells you
The premium column compares the P2P price of USDT with the official dollar rate. A positive figure means people pay more for a dollar in crypto than it officially costs, which usually signals one of two things: hard currency is difficult to obtain through normal channels, or demand to move money out has risen.
A negative premium is rarer and says the opposite: more people want to sell crypto right now than buy it.
The premium works well as a background indicator. A sharp rise often precedes news about currency restrictions; a decline shows the pressure easing.
Bank rates
Alongside we show Monobank and PrivatBank buy and sell quotes for the main currencies. Comparing them with P2P answers a practical question: is it cheaper right now to buy dollars at the bank, or to buy USDT from a merchant and sell it.
The converter
The converter translates amounts between currencies using official central bank cross rates. It gives you a reference, not a tradeable price — a real exchange always carries the venue's or the bank's margin.
How often data refreshes
Official rates are published once a day and therefore change rarely. Bank rates refresh several times an hour. P2P prices refresh every thirty seconds, because that is roughly how long they live.